As the UK braces for another wave of extreme heat, health experts are urging caution for those on five common medications. With temperatures expected to peak at 34°C, individuals taking these medications may face heightened risks. Pharmacists have outlined essential precautions to help patients avoid complications during the heatwave.
Rising Temperatures, Rising Risks
The Met Office has issued an amber heat health alert, forecasting the hottest day of the year so far, with temperatures in London expected to hit 30°C and areas of eastern England and the Midlands close behind at 28°C.
According to Dipa Kamdar, Senior Lecturer in Pharmacy Practice at Kingston University, some medications interfere with the body’s natural cooling mechanisms, increasing the risk of heat-related illness.
These medications disrupt crucial processes such as sweating and blood flow regulation, making it harder for the body to maintain a safe internal temperature. The alert underscores the importance of awareness and preparation, particularly for those using antidepressants, antipsychotics, heart medications, stimulants, and insulin.
The Risks of Common Medications in Hot Weather
Certain antidepressants, particularly tricyclics (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are known to disrupt the body’s cooling mechanisms.
TCAs, for example, block acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter essential for sweating, which can lead to reduced sweating. In extreme heat, this makes it difficult for the body to regulate temperature, potentially causing heat-related illnesses.
Antipsychotic medications can also impact the body’s temperature regulation by blocking dopamine and acetylcholine, which can lower the body’s ability to feel thirsty or overheated.
Heart medications, especially diuretics, are commonly prescribed for conditions like high blood pressure and heart failure. These drugs increase urine output, which can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, making it difficult for the body to sweat and cool down.
Additionally, stimulants, such as those used for ADHD, can boost metabolism and body temperature, making it harder for individuals to stay cool in hot weather. Dehydration is also a significant concern for individuals taking these medications, as it can lead to overheating or even heatstroke if not properly managed.
Insulin and Storage in Extreme Heat
For individuals with diabetes, insulin use during extreme heat presents its own set of challenges. According to Kamdar, higher temperatures cause blood vessels to dilate, speeding up insulin absorption.
This can lead to a rapid drop in blood sugar levels, resulting in hypoglycemia. Insulin can also degrade in the heat, reducing its effectiveness. Experts advise storing insulin in a cool place, such as a fridge, and checking labels for specific storage guidelines.