The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has mandated the updates as part of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA), a sweeping legislative measure that revises key provisions in SNAP’s design. With millions relying on the program for food security, these modifications carry significant consequences for many low-income households across the country.
Expanded Work Requirements for SNAP Participants
The most notable change comes in the form of stricter work expectations for Able-Bodied Adults Without Dependents (ABAWDs). Previously, adults without disabilities or dependents were required to complete 80 hours of work, job training, or job search activities each month to remain eligible for SNAP benefits. However, under the new rule, which will take effect in December, this requirement will apply to a broader group of people.
According to USDA guidelines, adults aged 18 to 64 who do not live with a child under the age of 14 will now need to meet the 80-hour requirement each month. The hours can be fulfilled through paid or unpaid work, volunteering, community service, or participation in SNAP’s Employment & Training programs. While the rule expands to include more individuals, it still offers some exemptions. Those who are pregnant, have disabilities, or are caregivers for incapacitated individuals remain exempt from the requirement.
These changes reflect a shift toward enforcing stricter work mandates, which supporters argue will encourage self-sufficiency. Agriculture Secretary Brooke Rollins defended the new approach, stating that the revisions “strengthen work requirements” and target inefficiencies and fraud within the system.
However, critics argue that the reforms could have unintended consequences, particularly for those already in precarious employment situations. “Many SNAP participants work in unstable, low-paid jobs that have unpredictable hours and no benefits such as paid sick leave.” said Cindy Long, former USDA deputy undersecretary.
Exemptions and Impact on Vulnerable Populations
While the new rules widen the scope of work requirements, they also narrow the list of exemptions that have historically protected vulnerable groups. Under previous guidelines, people who were homeless, veterans, or young adults who had aged out of foster care were exempt from the 80-hour rule. Starting in December, these individuals will now need to meet the same work expectations unless they fall into another category of exemption, such as being pregnant or unable to work due to physical or mental limitations.
This shift has raised concerns among those who fear it could disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, including individuals facing housing insecurity or those with unstable work prospects. According to experts, these changes may leave many people at risk of losing their food assistance benefits, exacerbating existing hardships.
However, some advocates argue that the new rules will push people toward workforce participation and reduce dependency on public assistance. The USDA insists that requiring work will help individuals regain independence and reduce fraud in the program.
